:root {
  --cover: #efe0ad;
  --cover-light: #fbf3db;
  --cover-pale: #fffaf0;
  --ink: #1a1610;
  --ink-soft: #463a2a;
  --muted: #776a54;
  --line: #ad9660;
  --line-soft: #e4d3a4;
  --button: #2a241b;
  --jstor: #5f3d16;
  --hein: #6d5527;
  --westlaw: #8b5414;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--cover-light);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

a {
  color: #231c13;
  text-underline-offset: .17em;
}

a:hover {
  color: #000;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
  top: 8px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  background: var(--cover-pale);
  border: 2px solid var(--ink);
  z-index: 20;
}
.skip-link:focus { left: 8px; }

.site-header {
  width: min(100%, 1120px);
  margin: 18px auto 0;
  background: var(--cover);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 3px double var(--line);
  padding: 16px 22px 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(45, 34, 16, .10);
}

.journal-wordmark {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2px 0 12px;
}

.journal-wordmark a {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.wordmark-the {
  display: block;
  font-size: .82rem;
  letter-spacing: .15em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.wordmark-main {
  display: block;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 3.25rem);
  line-height: .95;
  font-variant: small-caps;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 3px 13px;
  padding-top: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: .95rem;
}

.site-nav a {
  padding: 4px 0 3px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a.active {
  color: #000;
  border-bottom-color: #000;
}

.nav-toggle,
.nav-toggle-label {
  display: none;
}

.page-shell {
  width: min(100%, 1120px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 18px 18px 42px;
}

.content-panel,
.ij-home-intro {
  background: var(--cover-pale);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(45, 34, 16, .12);
}

.content-panel {
  padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 42px);
}

.content-body {
  max-width: 930px;
}

.content-panel h1,
.content-body h1 {
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  padding-bottom: 9px;
  border-bottom: 3px double var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.05rem);
  line-height: 1.04;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  text-align: center;
}

.content-body h2 {
  margin: 1.35em 0 .45em;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.content-body p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
.content-body ul, .content-body ol { padding-left: 1.3em; }
.content-body li { margin-bottom: .35em; }

.content-body table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 1rem 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  display: block;
}
.content-body th,
.content-body td {
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  padding: .55em .65em;
  vertical-align: top;
}
.content-body th {
  background: #f1dfaa;
}

.ij-home-intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(170px, 280px);
  gap: clamp(18px, 4vw, 42px);
  align-items: center;
  padding: clamp(24px, 5vw, 50px);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.ij-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  font-size: .82rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .15em;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.ij-home-text h1 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 5.4rem);
  line-height: .9;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
}
.ij-home-text h1 span {
  display: block;
  font-size: .28em;
  letter-spacing: .2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-variant: normal;
}

.ij-standfirst {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: clamp(1.12rem, 2.5vw, 1.45rem);
}

.ij-home-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}

.ij-home-links a,
.content-body input[type=button],
.content-body button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: .55em .9em;
  border: 1px solid var(--button);
  background: var(--button);
  color: var(--cover-pale) !important;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ij-home-links a:hover,
.content-body input[type=button]:hover,
.content-body button:hover {
  background: #000;
}

.ij-cover-figure {
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.ij-cover-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 260px);
  height: auto;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: 12px 12px 0 rgba(85,65,29,.18), 0 14px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.16);
}

/* Editor/contact blocks: restrained, not card-heavy. */
.ij-editor-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 18px 0 24px;
}
.ij-editor-list section {
  border-top: 3px double var(--line);
  padding-top: 10px;
}
.ij-editor-list h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .025em;
}

/* Middle-ground current/previous issue styling: clearer than old tables, less boxed/fussy than first pass. */
.content-body .ij-print-toc,
.content-body .ij-archive-print-volume {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 0 26px;
  padding: 18px 20px 20px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  box-shadow: none;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
}

.content-body .ij-print-title,
.content-body .ij-archive-print-volume-title {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: .045em;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.content-body .ij-print-subtitle,
.content-body .ij-archive-print-contents,
.content-body .ij-print-contents {
  margin: 8px auto 14px;
  padding-top: 6px;
  width: min(390px, 70%);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: .86rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .13em;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
}

.content-body .ij-print-section {
  margin: 18px 0 8px;
  padding: 6px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: .88rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.content-body .ij-print-entry {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--line-soft);
}

.content-body .ij-print-title-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 10px;
}

.content-body .ij-print-entry-title {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.32;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.content-body .ij-print-page {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-width: 34px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: right;
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.content-body .ij-print-author {
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

.content-body .ij-print-citation {
  margin-top: 3px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: .83rem;
}

.content-body .ij-search-panel,
.content-body .ij-jump-panel {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  background: #f3e3b2;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
}

.content-body .ij-search-title,
.content-body .ij-jump-title,
.content-body .ij-jump-subtitle {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.content-body input[type=text],
.content-body input[type=search] {
  width: min(100%, 440px);
  padding: .48em .55em;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--cover-pale);
  font: inherit;
}

.content-body .ij-jump-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  display: table;
  font-size: .92rem;
}
.content-body .ij-jump-table th,
.content-body .ij-jump-table td {
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  padding: 5px 7px;
  background: transparent;
}
.content-body .ij-jump-table a,
.content-body .ij-jump-earlier-links a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 3px 3px 0;
  padding: 1px 5px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: var(--cover-pale);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.content-body .ij-series-heading {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 24px 0 10px;
  padding: 6px 0 5px;
  border-top: 3px double var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

/* Preserve and improve database buttons. */
.ij-print-links,
.content-body .ij-print-links {
  margin-top: 6px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 5px;
}

.ij-jstor-button,
.ij-hein-button,
.ij-westlaw-button,
.ij-copy-citation-button,
.content-body .ij-jstor-button,
.content-body .ij-hein-button,
.content-body .ij-westlaw-button,
.content-body .ij-copy-citation-button {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  margin: 0 4px 3px 0;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  border: 1px solid var(--button);
  background: var(--cover-pale);
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: .78rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.ij-jstor-button:hover,
.ij-hein-button:hover,
.ij-westlaw-button:hover,
.ij-copy-citation-button:hover {
  background: #fff;
}

.ij-jstor-mark,
.ij-hein-mark,
.ij-westlaw-mark,
.ij-copy-citation-mark {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 32px;
  padding: 1px 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--button);
  background: var(--button);
  color: var(--cover-pale);
  font-size: .68rem;
  text-align: center;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.site-footer {
  width: min(100%, 1120px);
  margin: 0 auto 18px;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--cover);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: .92rem;
}
.site-footer p { margin: .25em 0; }
.site-footer span {
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  color: var(--ink);
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  body { font-size: 16.5px; }

  .site-header {
    margin-top: 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .nav-toggle-label {
    display: block;
    width: max-content;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--cover-pale);
    cursor: pointer;
  }

  .site-nav {
    display: none;
    margin-top: 10px;
  }

  .nav-toggle:checked ~ .site-nav {
    display: flex;
  }

  .site-nav a {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
    background: var(--cover-pale);
    padding: 6px;
  }

  .ij-home-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .ij-home-links {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .ij-editor-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .page-shell {
    padding: 12px 10px 28px;
  }

  .content-panel,
  .ij-home-intro {
    border-left: 0;
    border-right: 0;
    margin-left: -10px;
    margin-right: -10px;
    padding: 18px 14px;
  }

  .wordmark-main {
    font-size: 2.35rem;
  }

  .content-panel h1,
  .content-body h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .content-body .ij-print-title-row {
    display: block;
  }

  .content-body .ij-print-page {
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .content-body .ij-print-toc,
  .content-body .ij-archive-print-volume {
    padding: 14px 12px;
  }

  .content-body .ij-jump-table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }
}


.jurist-word {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.drop-j {
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  top: .16em;
  margin-right: -.02em;
  line-height: .78;
}
.journal-wordmark .drop-j {
  font-size: 1.16em;
}
.hero-jurist .drop-j {
  font-size: 1.12em;
}
.rest-urist {
  display: inline-block;
}
.ij-indexing-note {
  width: min(100%, 1120px);
  margin: -2px auto 18px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #f7efcf;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(45, 34, 16, .07);
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: center;
}
.ij-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 86px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  border: 1px solid var(--button);
  background: var(--cover-pale);
}
.ij-badge-scopus {
  background: #f37b20;
  color: #fff;
  border-color: #d86d1c;
}
.ij-indexing-copy {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: .98rem;
}
.ij-cover-figure img {
  background: #f8f1dc;
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 0 rgba(85,65,29,.12), 0 12px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.10);
}
.site-header {
  box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(45, 34, 16, .08);
}
.content-panel,
.ij-home-intro {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(45, 34, 16, .08);
}
.ij-search-panel,
.content-body .ij-jump-panel {
  background: #f6ebc5;
}
.content-body .ij-jump-table th {
  background: #f3e6bd;
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ij-indexing-note {
    display: block;
  }
  .ij-badge {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
}


/* Fourth pass refinements */
.jurist-word,
.hero-jurist {
  display: inline;
}
.ij-long-j {
  display: inline-block;
  transform: scaleY(1.12);
  transform-origin: 50% 14%;
  vertical-align: -0.055em;
  margin-right: -0.015em;
}
.drop-j {
  position: static;
  top: auto;
  font-size: inherit;
  line-height: inherit;
  margin-right: 0;
}
.rest-urist {
  display: inline;
}
.ij-home-intro {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .9fr) minmax(360px, 1.1fr);
}
.ij-cover-figure img {
  width: min(100%, 520px);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 0 rgba(85,65,29,.10), 0 12px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.10);
}
.ij-resource-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 16px 0 20px;
}
.ij-resource-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: .5em .78em;
  border: 1px solid var(--button);
  background: var(--cover-pale);
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.ij-resource-button:hover {
  background: #fff;
}
.ij-name-list {
  margin: 0 0 1.3em;
  padding-left: 1.2em;
}
.ij-name-list li {
  margin-bottom: .42em;
}
.ij-database-links {
  align-items: center;
}
.site-footer a[href="privacy.htm"] {
  white-space: nowrap;
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ij-home-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .ij-cover-figure img {
    width: min(100%, 560px);
  }
}


.company-line {
  font-size: .82rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}


/* Sixth-pass refinements: final wordmark/J alignment and editors layout */
.wordmark-main,
.ij-home-text h1 strong {
  white-space: nowrap;
  word-break: keep-all;
}

.ij-long-j {
  display: inline !important;
  position: static !important;
  top: auto !important;
  transform: none !important;
  vertical-align: baseline !important;
  font: inherit !important;
  font-size: 1.02em !important;
  line-height: inherit !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  letter-spacing: inherit !important;
}

.journal-wordmark .wordmark-main {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5.4vw, 3.25rem);
  line-height: 0.95;
}

.ij-home-text h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 5.2vw, 4.6rem);
  line-height: 0.96;
}

.ij-home-text h1 span {
  display: block;
}

.ij-home-text h1 strong {
  display: block;
  font: inherit;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
}


.journal-wordmark .ij-long-j {
  letter-spacing: 0 !important;
}

.ij-home-text h1 .ij-long-j {
  letter-spacing: 0 !important;
}

.ij-editor-section {
  margin: 1.2em 0 1.8em;
  padding-top: 1em;
  border-top: 3px double var(--line);
}

.ij-editor-section h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  text-align: center;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.ij-people-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 12px 0 14px;
}

.ij-person {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 12px 12px 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fff7df;
  text-align: center;
}

.ij-person span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .86rem;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.ij-person strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: bold;
}

.ij-person a {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  font-size: .92rem;
}

.ij-person .ij-person-affiliation {
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-size: .88rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.ij-people-row-primary .ij-person {
  flex-direction: column;
}

.ij-people-row-primary .ij-person {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 70px;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-people-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}


.ij-history-figure {
  margin: 1.5rem auto 1.75rem;
  max-width: 860px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fffaf0;
  padding: 12px;
}

.ij-history-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
}

.ij-history-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: .55rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .92rem;
  text-align: center;
}


/* Ninth-pass final wordmark correction.
   The J is now the same size as the other capitals. The heading-specific span
   styling applies only to the small word "The", not to the J inside Jurist. */
.ij-home-text h1 > span {
  display: block !important;
  font-size: .28em !important;
  letter-spacing: .2em !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  font-variant: normal !important;
}

.ij-home-text h1 strong span,
.wordmark-main span {
  display: inline !important;
  font-size: inherit !important;
  letter-spacing: inherit !important;
  text-transform: inherit !important;
  font-variant: inherit !important;
}

.ij-long-j {
  display: inline !important;
  position: static !important;
  top: auto !important;
  transform: none !important;
  transform-origin: initial !important;
  vertical-align: baseline !important;
  line-height: inherit !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  font-size: inherit !important;
  letter-spacing: inherit !important;
}

.ij-home-text h1 strong {
  display: block !important;
  font: inherit !important;
  letter-spacing: .03em !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}

.journal-wordmark .wordmark-main {
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}

/* make the hero buttons consistent with Published Issues wording */
.ij-home-links a[href="previous.htm"]::after {
  content: "";
}


/* Tenth-pass final typography and History image sizing.
   The wordmark now uses real uppercase text. No special styling is applied to J. */
.wordmark-main,
.ij-home-text h1 strong {
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  word-break: keep-all !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  font-variant: normal !important;
  letter-spacing: .045em !important;
}

.journal-wordmark .wordmark-main {
  display: block !important;
  font-size: clamp(2.15rem, 5.6vw, 3.35rem) !important;
  line-height: .96 !important;
}

.ij-home-text h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.45rem, 5.1vw, 4.35rem) !important;
  line-height: .98 !important;
  font-variant: normal !important;
}

.ij-home-text h1 > span {
  display: block !important;
  font-size: .30em !important;
  letter-spacing: .20em !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  font-variant: normal !important;
}

.ij-home-text h1 strong {
  display: block !important;
  font: inherit !important;
}

.ij-long-j,
.wordmark-main span,
.ij-home-text h1 strong span {
  display: inline !important;
  position: static !important;
  top: auto !important;
  transform: none !important;
  vertical-align: baseline !important;
  line-height: inherit !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  font-size: inherit !important;
  letter-spacing: inherit !important;
}

.ij-history-inset {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 1.25rem auto 1.6rem;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fffaf0;
}

.ij-history-inset img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
}

.ij-history-inset figcaption {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-history-inset {
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}


/* Eleventh-pass corrective patch:
   1) remove the phantom second line in the header by ensuring only one main wordmark line;
   2) pull the hero title in slightly so it does not overflow or crop;
   3) keep the J natural (same cap height, descender below baseline).
*/
.journal-wordmark a {
  text-align: center;
}

.journal-wordmark .wordmark-main {
  display: inline-block !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  font-size: clamp(2.0rem, 5.0vw, 3.15rem) !important;
  line-height: 0.98 !important;
  letter-spacing: .035em !important;
}

.ij-home-text {
  min-width: 0;
}

.ij-home-text h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4.25vw, 3.7rem) !important;
  line-height: .98 !important;
  margin-right: .05em;
}

.ij-home-text h1 strong {
  display: inline-block !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  letter-spacing: .028em !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .ij-home-text h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.85vw, 3.3rem) !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .journal-wordmark .wordmark-main {
    font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 5vw, 2.6rem) !important;
  }
  .ij-home-text h1 {
    font-size: clamp(1.95rem, 5.3vw, 3rem) !important;
  }
}


/* Twelfth-pass wordmark fix: use approved rendered wordmark images consistently across the site. */
.journal-wordmark { text-align: center; padding: 0 0 12px; }
.journal-wordmark a { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; }
.wordmark-banner-image { display: block; width: min(100%, 700px); height: auto; margin: 0 auto; }
.ij-home-text h1 { margin: 0 0 16px !important; line-height: 1 !important; font-size: 0 !important; }
.wordmark-hero-image { display: block; width: min(100%, 760px); height: auto; }
.ij-home-text h1 > span, .ij-home-text h1 strong, .ij-home-text h1 .ij-long-j, .wordmark-main, .wordmark-the { display: none !important; }
.ij-home-intro { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .95fr) minmax(360px, 1.05fr); align-items: center; }
.ij-home-text { min-width: 0; }
.ij-home-text .ij-standfirst { max-width: 18ch; font-size: clamp(1.22rem, 2.8vw, 1.65rem); }
.ij-cover-figure img { width: min(100%, 520px); }
@media (max-width: 980px) { .wordmark-banner-image { width: min(100%, 560px); } .wordmark-hero-image { width: min(100%, 620px); } }
@media (max-width: 820px) { .ij-home-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; } .wordmark-hero-image { margin: 0 auto; width: min(100%, 560px); } .ij-home-text .ij-standfirst { max-width: none; } }
@media (max-width: 560px) { .wordmark-banner-image { width: min(100%, 420px); } .wordmark-hero-image { width: min(100%, 430px); } }


/* Thirteenth-pass refinements */
.ij-history-inset {
  float: right !important;
  max-width: 360px !important;
  width: min(42%, 360px) !important;
  margin: 0.15rem 0 1.15rem 1.55rem !important;
  padding: 8px !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fffaf0;
}

.ij-history-inset img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
}

.ij-history-inset figcaption {
  display: none !important;
}

.content-body::after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

.ij-search-linkbar {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 5px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 3px;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-history-inset {
    float: none !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 520px !important;
    margin: 1rem auto 1.5rem !important;
  }
}

/* Sixteenth-pass current issue previews */
.ij-preview-button,
.content-body .ij-preview-button {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  margin: 0 4px 3px 0;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  border: 1px solid var(--button) !important;
  background: var(--cover-pale) !important;
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: .78rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-weight: normal;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ij-preview-button:hover,
.content-body .ij-preview-button:hover {
  background: #fff !important;
}

.ij-preview-mark {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 32px;
  padding: 1px 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--button);
  background: var(--button);
  color: var(--cover-pale);
  font-size: .68rem;
  text-align: center;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.ij-preview-modal[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.ij-preview-modal {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 22px 12px;
}

.ij-preview-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(31, 25, 15, .66);
}

.ij-preview-dialog {
  position: relative;
  width: min(100%, 940px);
  max-height: calc(100vh - 44px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--cover);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 55px rgba(0, 0, 0, .36);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.ij-preview-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
}

.ij-preview-head h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-variant: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}

.ij-preview-close,
.content-body .ij-preview-close {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--button) !important;
  background: var(--cover-pale) !important;
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-size: .82rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ij-preview-close:hover,
.content-body .ij-preview-close:hover {
  background: #fff !important;
}

.ij-preview-image-wrap {
  overflow: auto;
  padding: 14px;
  background: #f7edd5;
  text-align: center;
}

.ij-preview-image-wrap img {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 760px);
  height: auto;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.16);
}

.ij-preview-actions {
  padding: 10px 14px 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  text-align: right;
}

body.ij-preview-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ij-preview-modal {
    padding: 10px 6px;
  }

  .ij-preview-dialog {
    max-height: calc(100vh - 20px);
  }

  .ij-preview-head {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .ij-preview-close,
  .content-body .ij-preview-close {
    align-self: flex-end;
  }

  .ij-preview-image-wrap {
    padding: 8px;
  }
}

.ij-preview-image-wrap img[data-load-error="true"] {
  min-height: 130px;
  padding: 24px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: #fff8e6;
}



/* Twenty-second pass: contained scrolling for published-issues search and archive browsing. */
.content-body .ij-search-results-scroll:not(:empty) {
  max-height: min(68vh, 560px);
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  padding: 8px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fbf5de;
}

.content-body .ij-search-results-scroll:not(:empty) p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}

.content-body .ij-archive-scroll-panel {
  max-width: 930px;
  margin: 18px 0 26px;
}

@media (min-width: 821px) {
  .content-body .ij-archive-scroll-panel {
    max-height: 74vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
    padding: 0 14px 14px 0;
    border-top: 3px double var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
    scrollbar-gutter: stable;
  }

  .content-body .ij-archive-scroll-panel .ij-series-heading:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
    border-top: 0;
  }

  .content-body .ij-archive-scroll-panel:focus {
    outline: 2px solid rgba(80, 55, 22, .35);
    outline-offset: 3px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .content-body .ij-search-results-scroll:not(:empty),
  .content-body .ij-archive-scroll-panel {
    max-height: none;
    overflow: visible;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}


/* Twenty-second pass: archive heading and compact desktop year/series tabs for faster browsing. */
.content-body .ij-archive-browse-heading {
  max-width: 930px;
  margin: 20px 0 8px;
  padding-top: 4px;
  font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: normal;
  color: var(--button);
}

.content-body .ij-year-tabs {
  max-width: 930px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 7px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
  padding: 8px 2px 11px;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(247, 237, 213, .8), rgba(255, 252, 243, .65));
}

.content-body .ij-year-tab {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fff8e6;
  color: var(--button) !important;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: .82rem;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.content-body .ij-year-tab:hover,
.content-body .ij-year-tab:focus,
.content-body .ij-year-tab[aria-current="true"] {
  background: var(--button);
  color: #fff8e6 !important;
  outline: none;
}


.content-body .ij-series-tab-break {
  display: none;
}

.content-body .ij-series-index-tab {
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: none;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.content-body .ij-series-index-tab span,
.content-body .ij-series-index-tab small {
  display: inline;
}

.content-body .ij-series-index-tab small {
  font-size: inherit;
  font-weight: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  opacity: 1;
}

.content-body .ij-series-index-tab small::before {
  content: " · ";
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .content-body .ij-archive-browse-heading,
  .content-body .ij-year-tabs {
    display: none;
  }
}


/* Issue alerts */
.ij-alert-panel {
  margin: 1.2rem 0 1.45rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #f7efcf;
  box-shadow: 0 7px 16px rgba(45, 34, 16, .07);
}

.ij-alert-panel-compact {
  margin-top: .2rem;
}

.ij-alert-panel h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.ij-alert-panel p {
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
}

.ij-alert-form label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: .32rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ij-alert-form-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: .65rem;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ij-alert-form input[type="email"] {
  flex: 1 1 260px;
  min-width: 220px;
  padding: .55rem .65rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fffaf0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
}

.ij-alert-form button,
.content-body .ij-alert-form button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: .56rem .9rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--button) !important;
  background: var(--button) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.ij-alert-form button:hover,
.content-body .ij-alert-form button:hover {
  background: #3b2216 !important;
}

.ij-alert-status {
  display: none;
  margin: .72rem 0 0;
  padding: .62rem .72rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--button);
  background: #fff8e4;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.ij-alert-status.is-visible {
  display: block;
}

.ij-alert-note {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: .96rem;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ij-alert-panel {
    padding: .9rem;
  }
  .ij-alert-form-row {
    display: block;
  }
  .ij-alert-form input[type="email"],
  .ij-alert-form button {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .ij-alert-form button {
    margin-top: .6rem;
  }
}


/* Twenty-seventh-pass citation copy buttons */
.ij-copy-citation-button,
.content-body .ij-copy-citation-button {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ij-copy-citation-button.is-copied,
.content-body .ij-copy-citation-button.is-copied {
  background: #fff !important;
}


/* Thirty-first-pass submit page enhancements */
.ij-submit-intro {
  margin: .2rem 0 1.4rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fff8e4;
}

.ij-submit-intro h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.ij-submit-panel {
  margin: 1rem 0 1.45rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #f7efcf;
  box-shadow: 0 7px 16px rgba(45, 34, 16, .07);
}

.ij-submit-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .75rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.ij-submission-fields {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(130px, .32fr) minmax(220px, 1fr);
  gap: .55rem .75rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: .95rem;
}

.ij-submission-fields label,
.ij-submit-checklist legend {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ij-submission-fields input[type="text"],
.ij-submission-fields input[type="email"] {
  width: 100%;
  padding: .52rem .62rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fffaf0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
}

.ij-submit-checklist {
  margin: .2rem 0 .9rem;
  padding: .75rem .85rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: rgba(255, 250, 240, .72);
}

.ij-submit-checklist label {
  display: block;
  margin: .48rem 0;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.42;
}

.ij-submit-checklist input[type="checkbox"] {
  margin-right: .42rem;
  vertical-align: -.12em;
}

.ij-submit-button,
.content-body .ij-submit-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: .58rem .92rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--button) !important;
  background: var(--button) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.ij-submit-button:hover,
.content-body .ij-submit-button:hover {
  background: #3b2216 !important;
}

.ij-submit-status {
  display: none;
  margin: .72rem 0 0;
  padding: .62rem .72rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--button);
  background: #fff8e4;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.ij-submit-status.is-visible {
  display: block;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ij-submit-intro,
  .ij-submit-panel {
    padding: .9rem;
  }

  .ij-submission-fields {
    display: block;
  }

  .ij-submission-fields label {
    display: block;
    margin: .65rem 0 .25rem;
  }

  .ij-submit-button,
  .content-body .ij-submit-button {
    width: 100%;
  }
}


/* Thirty-second-pass Guidelines and Policies landing page */
.ij-policy-intro,
.ij-submit-policy-box {
  margin: .2rem 0 1.35rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  background: #fff8e4;
}

.ij-policy-intro h2,
.ij-submit-policy-box h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.ij-policy-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 1.1rem 0 .4rem;
}

.ij-policy-card {
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #f7efcf;
  box-shadow: 0 7px 16px rgba(45, 34, 16, .07);
}

.ij-policy-card h2 {
  margin: 0 0 .65rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.ij-policy-card p {
  margin-bottom: .85rem;
}

.ij-policy-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .45rem;
  margin-top: .85rem;
}

.ij-resource-button-secondary {
  background: #fff !important;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .ij-policy-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ij-policy-intro,
  .ij-submit-policy-box,
  .ij-policy-card {
    padding: .9rem;
  }
}

/* Thirty-fifth pass: light accessibility focus cues. */
a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible,
[tabindex]:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(42, 36, 27, .55);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.nav-toggle-label:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(42, 36, 27, .55);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}